Science
Mechanism of Action
The extract functions through a dual-action pathway: it inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to reduce local inflammation and downregulates M1 macrophage polarization, which significantly decreases proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and CXCL8. Additionally, its coumarin content facilitates the breakdown of extracellular protein accumulation, effectively reducing tissue swelling and edema.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence2%
Key findings
- 01 In vivo rat models demonstrated 90.68% to 97.18% wound contraction and enhanced re-epithelialization using 15-30% aqueous extracts.
- 02 In vitro analysis (50-750 µg/mL) confirmed significant reduction in proinflammatory markers and M1 macrophage activity.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
While significant wound-healing data exists for high concentrations (15%+), biological modulation of cytokines occurs at much lower concentrations (microgram levels). Formulations containing less than 0.1% are likely included for label claims rather than physiological impact.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Thermolabile; bioactive integrity may be compromised if exposed to temperatures exceeding 45°C. Highly stable in Oil-in-Water (O/W) emulsions when added during the cooling phase.
Synergies
- Quercetin
- Luteolin
- Kaempferol
Conflicts
- High heat
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
Recognized as GRAS by the FDA for food use. Contains natural coumarin, which requires specific labeling under EU Annex III regulations due to potential fragrance sensitization in rare cases.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A scientifically backed botanical for tissue regeneration and cytokine modulation, particularly effective in soothing reactive or compromised skin barriers.
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References
Sources