Science
Mechanism of Action
It neutralizes acidic components to stabilize formula pH. Additionally, it can react with sebum fatty acids to aid follicular cleansing or mimic ceramides to support barrier function.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1.5%
Key findings
- 01 Wroclaw Medical University (2020), published in NIH/MDPI (efficacy for acne-prone skin)
- 02 Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Amended Report (2009) (safety in finished products)
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
As a primary pH adjuster and buffering agent, this ingredient's functional concentration makes it generally unsuitable for dusting.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly hygroscopic, requiring airtight storage; it remains stable across a wide pH range, optimally adjusting formulas to pH 5.5-7.0.
Conflicts
- N-nitrosating agents
Safety
Safety Profile
Avoid use with N-nitrosating agents to prevent the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A valuable, safe ingredient, highly effective for pH adjustment, with specific forms offering benefits for sebum management and barrier support.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…