Science
Mechanism of Action
It functions by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6/8, while exerting antioxidant action through NADH oxidase inhibition. Its quassinoids and polyphenols also confer antimicrobial properties.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 In vitro and in vivo models showed significant reduction in inflammatory mediators (COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6/8), including a 60% reduction in edema after 3 hours at 1g/kg dosage.
- 02 Demonstrated neuroprotective and antioxidant effects in animal models, with DPPH radical scavenging IC50 of 741.74 µg/mL.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Contains volatile oils and sensitive polyphenols, which may degrade under high heat or extreme pH. It is compatible with aqueous phases and emulsions.
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Highly alkaline environments (pH > 8.0)
Safety
Safety Profile
Official safety dossiers from CIR or SCCS are currently unavailable. While potential toxicity exists at very high doses due to quassinoids, it is considered safe at conventional cosmetic concentrations.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
This ingredient is valuable for its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and skin-conditioning benefits across all skin types, despite awaiting official safety reviews.
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References
Sources