Science
Mechanism of Action
Operating as an Alkali-Swellable Emulsion (ASE) and associative thickener, it uncoils and swells upon neutralization, forming a 3D network with hydrophobic components to increase viscosity and stabilize emulsions.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.75%
Key findings
- 01 Indicated as a typical effective concentration for thickening and rheology modification in skincare and haircare formulations.
- 02 Suggested active levels for sun protection products to enhance water resistance and SPF retention.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Supplied as a low-viscosity aqueous emulsion, it requires neutralization with a base (pH 7.5-12.5) to activate thickening. Viscosity significantly decreases below pH 7.0.
Conflicts
- Low pH environments (< 7.0)
- High concentrations of electrolytes/salts
- Cationic ingredients
Safety
Safety Profile
The CIR Expert Panel confirmed safety up to 25% in leave-on skincare, provided formulations are non-irritating.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A valuable ingredient for precisely controlling texture and enhancing stability, particularly in water-resistant formulations, with proven low irritation and comedogenicity.
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References
Sources