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Moumoujus

ACETIC ACID.

Valuable CAS 64-19-7 / BUFFERING, FRAGRANCE

Acetic acid, a naturally occurring carboxylic acid, is a versatile ingredient foundational to precision skincare for its ability to balance skin pH and provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It further enhances skin health through mild exfoliation and barrier support, making it beneficial for various skin concerns.

Summary

pH Balancing Antimicrobial Antifungal Mild Antioxidant Skin Healing Support Infection Control Gentle Exfoliation Oil Control Acne Reduction Microbiome Support Anti-inflammatory Skin Barrier Strengthening Astringent Buffering Masking

Science

Mechanism of Action

Acetic acid functions by precisely adjusting the skin's pH, establishing an environment less conducive to the proliferation of harmful bacteria and fungi. Its antimicrobial and antifungal properties are effective against a wide range of pathogens, including those contributing to acne and infections. Additionally, it offers gentle exfoliation to facilitate the removal of dead skin cells, provides mild antioxidant protection, and possesses astringent qualities to help regulate sebum production. These actions collectively support a balanced skin microbiome, reduce inflammation, and fortify the skin's protective barrier.

Research

Clinical Evidence

High confidence
Effective range 1–5%
Optimal

2.5%

Key findings

  1. 01 Demonstrated safe for topical skincare applications when incorporated into a water-based solution; concentrations exceeding 5% may lead to irritation or burns.
  2. 02 Exhibits therapeutic advantages in promoting wound healing and preventing infections, notably against *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*. A 2.5% concentration (achieved by 50% dilution) is specifically noted for reduced irritation on sensitive skin during soak applications.
  3. 03 Functions as an effective broad-spectrum antiseptic, combating various bacteria and fungi, including strains resistant to antibiotics.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH 3.7 – 5.7
0 7 14

Stability

Acetic acid maintains optimal stability and efficacy within a pH range of 3.7 to 5.7, owing to its pKa of 4.76 which maximizes its buffer capacity within this spectrum. This characteristic makes it an excellent ingredient for fine-tuning and stabilizing the pH of cosmetic formulations.

Conflicts

  • Retinoids
  • Glycolic Acid
  • Salicylic Acid
  • Vitamin C

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Max tested
5%
Sensitization risk Low

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety has affirmed acetic acid's safety in cosmetic products when diluted to concentrations typically observed in vinegar (approximately 5%). At these levels, it does not induce skin irritation. It is critical to differentiate this from glacial (undiluted) acetic acid, which is highly corrosive to skin and eyes. The FDA has categorized it as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for use as a direct food substance.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
Yes Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

Acetic acid is a valuable ingredient, providing precise pH regulation, effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, and gentle exfoliation, making it well-suited for diverse skin types when formulated within its established safe and effective concentration parameters.

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