Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a natural source of alpha hydroxy acids that weaken intercellular bonds between keratinocytes, promoting controlled exfoliation and cell turnover. Simultaneously, polyphenols and manganese compounds neutralize free radicals, while natural sucrose acts as a humectant to attract and retain moisture in the stratum corneum.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 Demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in keratinocytes at 0.1-0.5% concentration with UVB protection benefits
- 02 Effective exfoliation and texture improvement shown at 1.0-5.0% in botanical blend formulations
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Rarely used below 0.1% as antioxidant benefits require minimum threshold; concentrations under 0.05% provide negligible AHA activity
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Temperature-sensitive extract requiring addition during cooling phase below 40°C to preserve bioactive phenolic compounds; stable in aqueous solutions but may cloud in high-alcohol formulations
Synergies
- hyaluronic acid
- niacinamide
- ceramides
Conflicts
- strong oxidizing agents
- cationic surfactants
- extremely acidic pH below 3.0
Safety
Safety Profile
Classified under botanical extract safety guidelines; requires quality control for heavy metal contamination typical of tree-derived ingredients; may increase photosensitivity due to AHA content
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Well-rounded botanical extract offering gentle exfoliation with added antioxidant and hydrating benefits, suitable for diverse formulation needs.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…