Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions through tyrosinase inhibition to reduce melanin production, suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1, stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, and inhibits beta-galactosidase enzyme activity to combat cellular senescence markers in dermal fibroblasts.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1%
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Demonstrates measurable efficacy at 0.5% concentration, making concentrations below 0.1% likely insufficient for therapeutic benefit.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Oxidation-sensitive requiring light protection and refrigerated storage; supplied as clear brown liquid; polyphenol content degrades under high temperature processing
Synergies
- vitamin C
- niacinamide
- hyaluronic acid
Conflicts
- strong oxidizing agents
- high temperature processing
Safety
Safety Profile
Demonstrated non-cytotoxic in cell viability studies; recommended incorporation levels 0.1-2% for cosmetic applications
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-researched botanical active with robust clinical data supporting multi-target anti-aging and brightening benefits at accessible concentrations.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources