Science
Mechanism of Action
Works through multiple cellular pathways including direct free radical scavenging via polyphenolic compounds, anti-inflammatory signaling through NF-κB and MAPK modulation, and metabolic regulation via SIRT1/AMPK pathway activation to reduce lipid accumulation and cellular damage
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.02%
Key findings
- 01 0.02% concentration showed significant inhibition of adipogenesis through AMPK pathway activation
- 02 0.01% demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing ROS and ERK1/2 activation
- 03 250 µg/mL achieved >88% free radical scavenging in DPPH assays
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Effective concentrations start at 0.01%, making concentrations below 0.005% likely insufficient for meaningful antioxidant or anti-inflammatory benefits
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Polyphenolic compounds require slightly acidic conditions for optimal stability; sensitive to heat and alkaline environments
Synergies
- other antioxidants
- anti-inflammatory botanicals
- pH-buffering systems
Conflicts
- strong oxidizing agents
- highly alkaline ingredients
Safety
Safety Profile
Low oral toxicity (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg), non-genotoxic, cell viability maintained up to 200 µg/mL with potential cytotoxicity above 400 µg/mL
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-researched botanical antioxidant with proven anti-inflammatory benefits and unique metabolic effects, suitable for all skin types at concentrations above 0.01%.
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References
Sources