Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as an oxidative hair coloring coupler that penetrates hair shafts and reacts with oxidizing agents to create large pigment molecules that become trapped within the hair structure for permanent color development.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1.5%
Key findings
- 01 Percutaneous absorption study at 1.5% showed 95.9% of substance remained in washing solutions with minimal systemic absorption (SCCS/1269/09)
- 02 Skin sensitization studies at 3.0% identified this compound as a potent sensitizer in guinea pig and rat models (CIR 2016/2022)
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Not applicable as this ingredient is specifically used in hair coloring products, not general skincare formulations
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits high water solubility at acidic pH (408 g/L at pH 1.5) but dramatically reduced solubility as pH increases (under 20 g/L at pH 6.0). Maintains stability in aqueous solutions at ambient temperature for approximately one week.
Synergies
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Other oxidative hair dye components
Conflicts
- N-nitrosating agents
- Nitrosating substances
- Strong oxidizers outside intended reactions
Safety
Safety Profile
Approved exclusively for hair dye applications up to 1.5% concentration after mixing with developer. Prohibited in formulations where N-nitroso compounds may form. Identified as a potent skin sensitizer requiring careful handling.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Specialized hair coloring ingredient with high sensitization potential, unsuitable for general skincare applications.
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References
Sources