Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as a coupler in oxidative dyeing by reacting with primary intermediates such as p-phenylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, forming large chromophore molecules that create permanent coloration
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 SCCS safety evaluation at 1.0% concentration for oxidative hair dye applications (SCCS/1563/15)
- 02 OECD 404 acute dermal irritation study showing non-irritating properties at 100% concentration
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Primarily used in hair coloring applications rather than skincare formulations
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Demonstrates high stability in aqueous suspensions for minimum 24 hours at ambient temperature with solubility of 39.9 g/L at pH 8.2
Synergies
- Primary dye intermediates
- Hydrogen peroxide oxidizing systems
Conflicts
- Nitrosating agents
- Nitrite-containing materials
Safety
Safety Profile
SCCS approved for 1% maximum on-head concentration with strict prohibition against nitrosating agents due to nitrosamine formation risk; maximum allowable nitrosamine content 50 μg/kg
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Specialized hair dyeing ingredient with limited skincare applications and unknown compatibility across skin types.
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References
Sources