Science
Mechanism of Action
Works by disrupting and fluidizing the lipid bilayer structure of the stratum corneum, creating temporary pathways that allow both hydrophilic and lipophilic actives to penetrate more effectively. Additionally functions as an alkaline buffering system to neutralize acidic formulation components and maintain optimal pH stability.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence2.6%
Key findings
- 01 Demonstrated enhanced penetration and bioavailability of vitamin C, DHA, and benzoyl peroxide through increased solubility and stratum corneum partitioning
- 02 SCCS evaluation confirmed safety for leave-on applications with anti-aging and moisturizing benefits
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Not applicable as this is a functional penetration enhancer used at specific concentrations for efficacy rather than marketing purposes
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits high stability in alkaline environments and acts as a hygroscopic liquid. Shows increased reactivity compared to diethanolamine due to primary amine functionality
Synergies
- Vitamin C
- Benzoyl Peroxide
- DHA
- Acidic actives requiring pH buffering
Conflicts
- Nitrosating agents
- Strong oxidizing compounds
- Acids
- Isocyanates
- Halogenated organics
- Peroxides
Safety
Safety Profile
SCCS restricts leave-on cosmetic use to maximum 2.6% concentration due to irritation potential at higher levels. Classified as corrosive in undiluted form. Must avoid combination with nitrosating agents to prevent nitrosamine formation
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A scientifically-backed penetration enhancer that significantly improves active ingredient delivery when used within safety-established concentration limits.
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References
Sources