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Moumoujus

1-METHYL-4-METHYLVINYL-CYCLOHEXENE.

Questionable CAS 7705-14-8 / 6876-12-6 / PERFUMING

A lipophilic monoterpene compound that functions primarily as a penetration enhancer in cosmetic formulations. Also known by its common name limonene, this citrus-derived ingredient facilitates the delivery of other active ingredients through the skin barrier while requiring careful handling due to oxidation sensitivity.

Summary

Penetration enhancer Fragrance component Solvent

Science

Mechanism of Action

Functions by disrupting the organized structure of the stratum corneum's lipid bilayers through membrane intercalation. Creates localized areas of increased membrane fluidity and lipid agglomeration, establishing pathways for enhanced transdermal penetration of co-formulated active ingredients.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Medium confidence
Effective range ≤0.001%
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Animal safety study demonstrated skin tolerance at standard concentrations with rapid systemic absorption occurring within 10 minutes of topical application
  2. 02 Penetration enhancement effects confirmed through membrane fluidity studies showing direct correlation between exposed surface area and absorption levels

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Not applicable as this ingredient functions as a penetration enhancer rather than a primary active ingredient

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Oil
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Extremely vulnerable to autoxidation reactions in the presence of air and light, generating sensitizing hydroperoxide compounds. Requires antioxidant protection systems and oxygen-barrier packaging to maintain stability.

Synergies

  • Antioxidants (BHT, Tocopherol)
  • Other lipophilic actives requiring enhanced penetration

Conflicts

  • Oxygen
  • UV light
  • Strong oxidizing agents
  • Ozone

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Max tested
0.001%
Sensitization risk High

EU regulations mandate ingredient labeling when concentrations exceed 0.001% in leave-on products or 0.01% in rinse-off formulations. Peroxide value must remain below 20 mmoles/L to prevent sensitization reactions from oxidation byproducts.

Our Assessment

Verdict

Questionable

While effective as a penetration enhancer, the high sensitization risk and stringent stability requirements make this ingredient challenging for precision skincare applications.

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