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TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE.

Avoid CAS 75-57-0 / VISCOSITY CONTROLLING

TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE (TMAC) is a quaternary ammonium compound and a cationic surfactant, commonly employed in cosmetic formulations. Its primary functions include stabilizing and preserving products, as well as enhancing texture by acting as an emulsifier and solubilizer for active ingredients.

Summary

Stabilizer Preservative Cationic Surfactant Emulsifier Solubilizer Viscosity Controlling Agent Texture Enhancer

Science

Mechanism of Action

As a cationic surfactant, TMAC interacts with negatively charged surfaces, such as those found on the skin. Its mechanism involves compromising cell permeability through the solubilization of phospholipids and cholesterol within lipid membranes, which can lead to cellular disruption. Additionally, TMAC can denature proteins, contributing to localized tissue irritation.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Insufficient-data confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH 6 – 8
0 7 14

Stability

TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE is a hygroscopic solid that readily absorbs moisture. It exhibits stability under typical storage conditions but is susceptible to degradation by high heat and strong oxidizing agents. Decomposition typically begins at temperatures exceeding 230 °C, or >300 °C. Optimal storage requires a tightly sealed container, shielded from moisture, direct sunlight, and heat sources.

Conflicts

  • strong bases
  • strong oxidizing agents

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Sensitization risk High

TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE has not undergone a direct safety review by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. However, the CIR has evaluated structurally similar longer-chain alkyl trimonium compounds, deeming them safe in rinse-off products and at concentrations up to 0.25% in leave-on products, provided they are formulated to be non-irritating. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has also noted that quaternary ammonium compounds are generally irritating and has set concentration limits for other related compounds. The FDA lists TMAC as a 'Viscosity controlling' agent. However, Safety Data Sheets classify TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE as a hazardous substance, indicating acute toxicity via ingestion (Category 2) and skin contact (Category 3). It is also classified as causing skin irritation (Category 2) and serious eye damage, and is irritating to the respiratory system. Prolonged or repeated skin contact may induce irritation.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy High
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Due to its high irritancy, classification as an acutely toxic and hazardous substance, and the absence of specific CIR safety data for this particular compound in cosmetic applications, TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE is not recommended for precision skincare formulations.

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