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Moumoujus

SYRINGALDEHYDE.

Questionable CAS 104-09-6 / PERFUMING

Syringaldehyde is a natural phenolic aldehyde demonstrating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties in preclinical studies. Its mechanism involves pathways related to oxidative stress reduction and inflammatory response modulation, making it a potentially multifaceted active ingredient.

Summary

Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial

Science

Mechanism of Action

Syringaldehyde exerts its effects through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 activity, which suggests anti-inflammatory action. It reduces oxidative stress by inhibiting malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production while simultaneously elevating reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. These antioxidative benefits are potentially mediated by the upregulation of the NRF2/HO-1/NQO-1 pathway and activation of the AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Additionally, it exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Demonstrated inhibition of LPS-induced COX-2 activity in RAW 264.7 cells at an IC50 of 19.23 µM (in vitro).
  2. 02 Exhibited antioxidative and antibacterial effects during Mycobacterium marinum infection in vitro (pulmonary epithelial cells) and in vivo (zebrafish). This included inhibiting MDA and ROS production, increasing GSH levels, and promoting NRF2/HO-1/NQO-1 and AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Oil
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

As a crystalline powder, Syringaldehyde is air sensitive and hygroscopic. It should be stored in a cool, dry, ventilated place, protected from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Optimal long-term stability (≥ 4 years) is reported at -20°C.

Conflicts

  • strong oxidizers

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Sensitization risk Moderate

GHS hazard statements indicate potential harm if swallowed (H302), skin irritation (H315), serious eye irritation (H319), and respiratory irritation (H335). European classification also notes it is irritating to skin and eyes (R 36/38). While listed as a flavoring agent with no safety concern for food intake, topical application may pose irritation risks. Not reviewed by CIR for cosmetic safety.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Moderate
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Questionable

While preclinical data suggests promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, significant safety concerns regarding skin and eye irritation, coupled with a lack of human skin efficacy studies, make its use questionable for precision skincare.

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