Science
Mechanism of Action
As a natural moisturizing factor, Squalene prevents transepidermal water loss, thereby restoring skin suppleness. It quenches singlet oxygen, protecting against lipid peroxidation from UV exposure, and can help balance oil production.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 A 5% topical application reduced skin tumor incidence by 26.67% in mice (Desai et al. animal study).
- 02 100 µg/mL significantly reduced superoxide anion generation in cultured keratinocytes and leukocytes (Aioi et al. in vitro study).
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Squalene is an active ingredient with known functional benefits in formulations, not typically used in trace amounts for marketing purposes.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
As an unsaturated hydrocarbon, Squalene is inherently unstable and prone to oxidation, leading to a shorter shelf life compared to Squalane. Oxidation products like squalene monohydroperoxide can induce skin damage.
Conflicts
- strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
The CIR Expert Panel considers Squalene safe as used, with a maximum reported concentration of 1.2%. While generally safe, excessive use may lead to clogged pores in sensitive skin, and ethical sourcing from shark liver oil is a concern.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Squalene is a valuable skin-identical emollient and antioxidant, crucial for maintaining skin hydration and barrier health, despite its instability and sourcing considerations.
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References
Sources