Science
Mechanism of Action
This lipophilic azo dye achieves its coloring effect by dissolving directly into the substrate it is applied to, such as fats, oils, and waxes. Its primary and sole function is as a colorant, and it does not undergo ionization within a formulation.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Solvent Red 1 is a dye incorporated into formulations and is not typically encountered as a fine powder requiring dusting considerations for inhalation safety in cosmetic manufacturing.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Solvent Red 1 demonstrates good thermal stability, typically up to 100-110°C, with some sources reporting stability up to 180°C. However, its light fastness is considered poor, leading to potential color degradation upon light exposure. It exhibits moderate resistance to acids and alkalis, but exposure to strong acids can induce a deep red color change followed by dark red precipitation upon dilution, while strong alkalis may shift its color towards orange.
Conflicts
- strong acids
- strong alkalis
Safety
Safety Profile
Solvent Red 1 is classified by ECHA as Carcinogen Category 1B, indicating a high probability that it 'may cause cancer' based on 92.5% of reports. It is a California Safe Cosmetics Program (CSCP) Reportable Ingredient due to concerns regarding bioaccumulation, environmental persistence, and its listing as a potential endocrine disrupting compound. Its use in many cosmetic applications and as a food dye has been largely restricted or banned in numerous countries due to these significant safety profiles and potential carcinogenic properties. The ingredient has been linked to causing contact dermatitis and general skin irritation, and studies suggest it possesses a weak contact sensitizing potential. Mutagenicity studies have presented conflicting results, with some suggesting weak mutagenic effects, potentially attributable to contaminants. EU Commission Regulation 2020/2081 specifies a maximum concentration limit of 0.1% by weight for Solvent Red 1 when used in tattoo inks and/or permanent makeup, underscoring regulatory caution for direct skin exposure in more invasive applications.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Due to its classification as a Carcinogen Category 1B, documented association with skin irritation and sensitization, and widespread restrictions or bans in cosmetic applications, Solvent Red 1 is an ingredient that should be strictly avoided in skincare formulations.
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