Science
Mechanism of Action
Upon dissolution in water, Sodium Perborate undergoes hydrolysis, releasing hydrogen peroxide and borate. This process provides a strong oxidative effect, underpinning its bleaching and disinfecting capabilities by effectively targeting and eliminating microorganisms. Peroxoborate species facilitate the delivery of the hydroperoxide anion, particularly at lower pH values.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Safety assessments for hair dye formulations indicated that 3.0% (as boric acid) in oxidative hair dyes applied to hair was not considered a risk to consumer health.
- 02 A 30% concentration of sodium perborate monohydrate in hair dye powder was deemed 'Toxic' and unsuitable for general consumer availability.
- 03 In vitro studies showed biocompatibility with inflammatory macrophages at dilutions of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000 over 15 and 30 minutes incubation at 37°C, with no observed morphological or functional alterations.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Due to its classification as a reproductive toxicant and outright bans in major cosmetic markets, Sodium Perborate is not used at low concentrations for 'dusting' purposes in cosmetic formulations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Sodium Perborate is a crystalline, odorless solid with good water solubility, forming an alkaline solution upon dissolution. It decomposes above 60°C, rapidly releasing oxygen. Its activity can be engaged at lower temperatures (40–60°C) with the addition of activators such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED). Stability in aqueous formulations can be enhanced by chelating agents or sequestrants that remove catalytic metal ions. Solubilizing agents including alkali metal phosphates, boric acid, tartaric and citric acids, and mineral acids can increase its solubility.
Synergies
- Chelating agents
- Sequestrants
- Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED)
- Alkali metal phosphates
- Boric acid
- Tartaric acid
- Citric acid
- Mineral acids
Conflicts
- Strong acids
- Reducing agents
- Organic materials
Safety
Safety Profile
The CIR Expert Panel has noted insufficient data for Sodium Perborate, leading to a re-opening of its safety assessment, though related borates at concentrations less than or equal to 5% were deemed safe for cosmetics, excluding infant or injured skin. The SCCS classified Sodium Perborate as toxic to reproduction (Category 1B, 2, and 3) with specific concentration limits, requiring it to adhere to general hydrogen peroxide restrictions. Consequently, the EU has banned Sodium Perborate in cosmetics. Furthermore, California will implement a ban on its use in cosmetics by January 1, 2027, citing safety concerns and potential health risks, particularly for sensitive skin consumers. Health Canada restricts its use in cosmetics, especially for children under three or on peeling/irritated skin, if the concentration of free soluble borates exceeds 1.5% (as boric acid). It is classified as an irritant to skin and mucous membranes, with potential for sensitivities or allergic reactions.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Given its classification as a reproductive toxicant and a Category 1B substance banned in the EU and California for cosmetic use, Sodium Perborate poses significant safety concerns and should be avoided in all precision skincare formulations.
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