Science
Mechanism of Action
This oil functions as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting the enzyme phospholipase A2. Its antimicrobial effects are attributed to compounds such as alpha-pinene, limonene, and beta-caryophyllene, which also contribute to its antioxidant capacity. These actions collectively support the reduction of skin inflammation, combat certain microbial strains, and provide protection against oxidative stress, potentially improving the appearance of dull or acne-prone complexions.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Exhibited antimicrobial activity against various wild bacterial strains of hospital origin, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3.55 μg/mL to 56.86 μg/mL. A specific MIC of 5.00 mg/mL was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- 02 Demonstrated antioxidant potential, inhibiting oxidation by 61.52% in a β-carotene/linoleic acid method.
- 03 A 10% concentration did not elicit skin irritation or sensitization in a human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT).
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
While offering potential benefits, the formulation of this ingredient requires extreme precision. Exceeding the recommended maximum concentration of 0.2% in general cosmetic products significantly elevates the risk of skin sensitization. Additionally, the presence of its component, alpha-pinene, at or above 10% can lead to specific target organ toxicity with repeated exposure. The oil's propensity to oxidize over time further increases its sensitizing potential, highlighting the critical need for stable formulations within strict safety limits.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The essential oil is prone to oxidation over time, a process that can increase its skin sensitizing potency. Proper stabilization techniques (e.g., antioxidants) and protective packaging are crucial to maintain its integrity and safety.
Safety
Safety Profile
The Australian Industrial Chemicals Introduction Scheme (AICS) assessed this essential oil as having low acute toxicity, not expected to be severely irritating to skin and eyes, and not genotoxic. However, it tested positive in a local lymph node assay (LLNA) for skin sensitisation with an EC3 at 22.3% and is classified as Skin Sens. 1B (May cause an allergic skin reaction). Its sensitizing potency is likely to increase upon oxidation. A component, alpha-pinene (typically 8-23% of the oil), is classified for specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) and may cause harmful effects if present at or above 10% in the final product. Recommended maximum concentrations in end-use products are 1% for fine fragrances and air care, 0.3% for deodorants, and 0.2% for other consumer household and cosmetic products.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Schinus Terebinthifolia Fruit Oil offers promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits; however, its high potential for skin sensitization, especially upon oxidation or if used above the stringent 0.2% concentration limit for general cosmetics, necessitates extreme caution and precise formulation.
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