Science
Mechanism of Action
Sambucus williamsii stem extract acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging free radicals, attributed to its high polyphenol content. It inhibits bacterial growth by disrupting bacterial processes and supports skin structure by promoting collagen, inhibiting MMP-1, and reducing elastase activity.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies show significant ABTS scavenging activity at 0.71 ± 0.01 mg/mL (IC50).
- 02 Demonstrated 99.99% antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis at 5 mg/mL in vitro.
- 03 A cosmetic composition containing this extract promoted collagen production and inhibited MMP-1 and elastase, improving skin wrinkles.
- 04 Showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens at 0.25-1.5 mg/mL (MIC).
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No specific data indicates this ingredient is commonly 'dusted' or used below effective concentrations in formulations.
The Formula
Formulation
Conflicts
- High concentrations (≥20 mg/mL) due to potential cytotoxicity to human cells in vitro.
Safety
Safety Profile
In vitro studies on human gingival fibroblasts indicated safety up to 10 mg/mL. However, concentrations ≥20 mg/mL induced cytotoxicity and morphological changes, suggesting potential for irritation at higher doses.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Sambucus Williamsii Stem Extract is a valuable multi-functional ingredient offering antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-aging benefits, provided it is formulated below cytotoxic concentrations.
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References
Sources