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Moumoujus

PYROGALLOL.

Avoid CAS 87-66-1 / HAIR DYEING

Pyrogallol is an organic compound with recognized antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, historically employed in dermatological contexts for conditions involving excessive cell proliferation, such as psoriasis. Despite its mechanistic benefits, this ingredient poses significant safety concerns, including high irritancy, sensitization potential, and evidence of carcinogenicity.

Summary

hair dyeing antioxidant antimicrobial anti-inflammatory keratolytic

Science

Mechanism of Action

Pyrogallol operates by inhibiting DNA synthesis in rapidly proliferating cells, which historically contributed to its use in managing conditions like psoriasis by reducing hyperkeratosis. It also functions as a potent antioxidant, modulating oxidative stress, while simultaneously exhibiting antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, as a reductant, it can generate free radicals and induce apoptosis, influencing cell cycle arrest and upregulating p21.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Pyrogallol exhibits instability, turning grayish upon exposure to air and light. Its aqueous solutions rapidly darken in alkaline conditions, indicating a strong light sensitivity.

Conflicts

  • strong oxidizing agents
  • alkalies
  • metal oxides
  • ammonia
  • antipyrine
  • phenol
  • iodine
  • lime water
  • menthol
  • potassium permanganate
  • strong bases

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe with restrictions
Max tested
5%
Sensitization risk High

While an older CIR review (1991) concluded Pyrogallol as 'safe with restrictions' up to 5.0%, this conclusion is currently under re-review (2007, 2024). European regulations now classify Pyrogallol in Annex II, strictly prohibiting its use in cosmetic products. Pyrogallol demonstrates significant dermal risks, being identified as irritating and sensitizing in animal studies at concentrations as low as 0.5%. It was also considered corrosive to skin in in-vitro studies and is predicted to cause allergic contact dermatitis. NTP studies indicated equivocal to some evidence of carcinogenic activity in mice at the site of application. Dermal absorption in mini pig skin was determined at 26.0 + 3.9%.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy High
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Moumoujus advises against the use of Pyrogallol in skincare formulations due to its severe safety profile, including demonstrated high irritancy and sensitization risks, potential for carcinogenicity, and its current prohibition in cosmetic products within the European Union.

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