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POLOXAMER 234.

Valuable CAS 9003-11-6 / SURFACTANT - CLEANSING, SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING

Poloxamer 234 is a nonionic triblock copolymer, renowned for its multifunctional role as a surfactant, emulsifying, and cleansing agent. Its unique amphiphilic structure effectively reduces surface tension, enabling the formation of stable emulsions and aiding in the gentle removal of impurities from the skin.

Summary

Surfactant - Cleansing Surfactant - Emulsifying

Science

Mechanism of Action

As a nonionic triblock copolymer, Poloxamer 234 features distinct hydrophilic polyoxyethylene (PEO) and hydrophobic polyoxypropylene (PPO) blocks. This amphiphilic nature allows it to effectively lower surface tension at water-oil interfaces, facilitating the creation and stabilization of emulsions. In cleansing formulations, it enhances water's ability to mix with and lift oils and dirt from the skin, ensuring thorough yet gentle purification.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Insufficient-data confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Poloxamer 234 is a functional ingredient, typically utilized in concentrations up to 20% to achieve its intended surfactant, emulsifying, or cleansing effects. It is not an ingredient commonly added in trace amounts merely for label claims.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Aqueous solutions of poloxamers exhibit stability across a broad pH range, resisting degradation in the presence of acids, alkalis, and metal ions. However, aqueous solutions can foster mold growth, necessitating appropriate preservative systems. Bulk material should be stored in a well-sealed container in a cool, dry environment.

Conflicts

  • May be incompatible with phenols and parabens, similar to other poloxamers like Poloxamer 188, depending on relative concentrations.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Max tested
20%
Sensitization risk Low

The CIR Expert Panel confirmed Poloxamer 234 is safe for cosmetic use, with most poloxamers applied at concentrations between 0.005% and 20%. FDA approval extends to indirect food additives and some OTC wound cleansers (e.g., Poloxamer 188), reflecting its general non-toxicity and pharmaceutical excipient status in major pharmacopoeias. Manufacturers are advised to rigorously purify the ingredient to keep impurities like 1,4-dioxane, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide below specified limits.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
Yes Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

Poloxamer 234 is a highly versatile and safe nonionic surfactant, critical for effective cleansing and emulsion stabilization in a wide array of precision skincare formulations.

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