Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract combats oxidative stress by effectively scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, which helps mitigate visible signs of aging and promotes skin brightening. Its anti-inflammatory action may stem from inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, while key phytochemicals like terpenoids and flavonoids are implicated in its wound healing and antibacterial capabilities. Furthermore, the root extract has shown promise in down-regulating 5α-reductase type II, an enzyme linked to hair loss, and enhancing dermal papilla cell growth.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 A 10% w/w methanolic root extract in an ointment significantly accelerated wound contraction and reduced closure time, achieving complete healing within 16 days.
- 02 A hydroalcoholic root bark extract administered at 250 mg/kg b.w. exhibited a moderate anti-inflammatory effect in acute and chronic inflammation models.
- 03 Root and shoot extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mg/mL.
- 04 An ethanolic extract showed antibacterial efficacy against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens at concentrations between 20 and 100 µg/ml.
- 05 Root extract enhanced the proliferation of hair follicle dermal papilla cells and inhibited 5α-reductase type II expression, suggesting potential in androgenetic alopecia.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No data available to suggest common dusting or specific thresholds for this ingredient in cosmetic formulations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Specific optimal pH for stability is not defined. The extract's various compounds exhibit solubility in a range of solvents including ethanol, methanol, and water. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts have shown effectiveness in antioxidant assays even after boiling, potentially indicating some heat tolerance, though comprehensive stability data is limited.
Safety
Safety Profile
No specific 'safe as used' status from CIR, SCCS, or FDA for cosmetic applications has been established. While listed in CosIng as an antioxidant, no SCCS opinions exist. Historically, the root has been identified as a potent poison when orally ingested (LD50 65 mg/kg in rats) and leaves are described as caustic. Traditional medicine reports suggest potential dermal effects, mandating extreme caution and adherence to classical guidelines regarding dosing and processing due to its significant bioactivity.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
While demonstrating promising multi-functional biological activities in preliminary studies, the lack of comprehensive safety assessments for modern cosmetic topical use, coupled with historical toxicity concerns, indicates insufficient data for confident inclusion in precision skincare formulations.
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References
Sources