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Moumoujus

PEG-16.

Valuable CAS 25322-68-3 / HUMECTANT, SOLVENT

PEG-16 is a versatile polyethylene glycol derivative functioning primarily as an emulsifier and humectant in skincare formulations. Its hygroscopic nature helps attract and retain moisture on the skin, while also enhancing the delivery of other active ingredients.

Summary

Emulsifier Humectant Emollient Lubricant Softening Agent Anti-electrostatic Agent Penetration Enhancer Solvent Viscosity Controlling

Science

Mechanism of Action

PEG-16 employs strong hygroscopic properties to bond with and absorb water molecules from the environment, thereby enhancing surface hydration. It effectively acts as an emulsifier, stabilizing oil and water phases within a formulation. Beyond these core functions, it contributes as a lubricant, a softening agent, and can modify the rheological properties of active substances. Crucially, PEGs are known penetration enhancers, facilitating the deeper delivery of other cosmetic ingredients; this effect is dependent on the PEG's specific structure, molecular weight, the overall formulation, and the health of the skin barrier.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Water
Optimal pH 5 – 7.5
0 7 14

Stability

Aqueous PEG-16 solutions are stable at room temperatures and within a pH range of 5.0 to 7.5, with their chemical bonds resisting hydrolysis under these conditions. However, PEG-16 is susceptible to oxidative degradation in the presence of air, which can be minimized by limiting exposure to elevated temperatures and oxygen, or by incorporating an antioxidant. Aging can also lead to increased levels of aldehydes, carboxylates, and peroxides, alongside an increase in ionic strength and a reduction in pH.

Conflicts

  • Phenol
  • Penicillin
  • Bacitracin
  • Sorbitol
  • Tannic acid
  • Salicylic acid
  • Certain plastics

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Sensitization risk Low

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that polyethylene glycol ingredients, including PEG-16, are generally safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products on intact skin. However, PEGs should not be applied to damaged or compromised skin (e.g., severe burns) due to reported instances of sensitization and systemic toxicity in such cases. Manufacturers are expected to ensure that PEGs are free from impurities like ethylene oxide (a known human carcinogen) and 1,4-dioxane (a possible human carcinogen), which can arise during the manufacturing process. The FDA lists Polyethylene Glycol (MW 200-9,500) for various uses, including indirect food additive and as a formulation aid, indicating broad biocompatibility.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
Yes Dry
Yes Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Low
Comedogenicity Low

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

PEG-16 is a valuable polyfunctional ingredient, offering significant benefits in skin hydration, emulsification, and the enhanced delivery of active ingredients, provided its application is limited to intact skin and purity standards are rigorously met.

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