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P-METHYLHYDROCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE.

Avoid CAS 5406-12-2 / PERFUMING

P-METHYLHYDROCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE, also known as Butylphenyl Methylpropional or Lilial, is an aromatic aldehyde historically employed as a fragrance ingredient to impart a floral scent. However, due to significant safety concerns including its classification as a reproductive toxicant and a high potential for skin sensitization, its use in cosmetic products has been banned in the EU since March 1, 2022.

Summary

fragrance masking

Science

Mechanism of Action

This compound primarily functions by contributing a floral fragrance to product formulations. As an aldehyde, its inherent chemical reactivity has been observed to potentially disrupt biological activities within the skin. It is also recognized as an allergen capable of inducing irritation and sensitization upon dermal exposure.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Insufficient-data confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 A human maximization test applying 4% (2760 μg/cm²) P-METHYLHYDROCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE reported no skin sensitization reactions. This study, however, was designed to assess sensitization risk rather than to evaluate beneficial skin effects.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

This ingredient is currently banned from cosmetic use in the EU due to significant safety concerns, including reproductive toxicity and skin sensitization. Its inclusion in cosmetic formulations is therefore not permissible.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Oil
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

P-METHYLHYDROCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE exhibits substantial oxidation, approximately 30% over 168 hours, in aqueous solutions when exposed to air at pH 7 and 25°C. Alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) at 200 ppm can be utilized to prevent its auto-oxidation.

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Max tested
0%
Pregnancy
Caution
Sensitization risk High

The EU's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) concluded in 2017 that Butylphenyl Methylpropional cannot be considered safe for use in cosmetic products due to laboratory findings of reproductive toxicity and a noted risk of inducing skin sensitization in humans. This led to a complete ban on its use in cosmetics and personal care products within the EU, effective March 1, 2022. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) also prohibits its use due to dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity concerns, particularly for products with oral or lip exposure (Categories 1 and 6).

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy High
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Due to its classification as a reproductive toxicant, high risk of skin sensitization, and regulatory ban in the EU, P-METHYLHYDROCINNAMIC ALDEHYDE is not suitable for any cosmetic formulation.

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