Science
Mechanism of Action
Ozonated oils exert their effects through several key mechanisms. They display potent antibacterial and antifungal activity by compromising microbial cell walls, disrupting enzyme functions, and damaging DNA/RNA, effectively inhibiting metabolic and reproductive processes. Furthermore, they induce immunomodulation by activating beneficial anti-inflammatory factors such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, while neutralizing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1, IL-12, and IL-15. Ozonated oils also contribute to restoring skin microbial diversity and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria by decreasing skin pH. They enhance tissue oxygenation and stimulate fibroblast and epidermal growth factors, crucial for accelerated wound healing. Upon topical application, these oils slowly break down into peroxides, releasing hydrogen peroxide, which extends their disinfectant and regenerative benefits, leading to reduced inflammation and stimulated cellular repair.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence13.5%
Key findings
- 01 13.5% ozonated oil significantly reduced KRT6, IL-17, and IL-22 proteins in psoriasis lesions, while increasing KRT10 and Tp63 proteins, promoting keratinocyte differentiation and improving immune response, demonstrating effective and safe psoriasis treatment.
- 02 Ozonated oils with a peroxide index of 80-120 mEq O2/kg are common in cosmetic applications.
- 03 Ozonated oil with a 600 mEq peroxide index was suggested for local application 1-2 times daily in acne treatment.
- 04 Topical ozone treatment reduced S. aureus burden and increased beneficial Acinetobacter species in atopic dermatitis, showing bactericidal effects and restoring microbial diversity.
- 05 Ozonated oil effectively suppressed inflammation in an atopic dermatitis murine model by reducing Th2-dominant cytokine responses and increasing IL-10 expression.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No data suggests ozone (as ozonated oil) is commonly 'dusted' in formulations; its specific reaction chemistry and stability profile make it unlikely to be included merely for label claims at ineffective concentrations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Ozonated oils, formed by ozone reacting with fatty acids to create stable triozonides and peroxides, are notably more stable than ozonated water. They can retain their beneficial properties for years when stored correctly, typically requiring refrigeration after opening. Specialized violet glass packaging can also extend shelf life and potentially reduce the need for additional preservatives. Ozonation increases the oil's viscosity and density, which are important considerations for cosmetic formulation. Microencapsulation is a promising technique to further enhance physical stability and regulate the release of active compounds.
Conflicts
- Essential oils (risk of forming formaldehyde and m,p-tolualdehyde, carcinogenic and irritating compounds)
- Antioxidants (e.g., Vitamin C) which may compete with ozone, potentially diminishing its intended effects
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has not specifically evaluated 'OZONE' or 'Ozonated Oil' as a cosmetic ingredient. While the FDA regulates ozone-generating devices, ozonated oils as cosmetic ingredients fall under general cosmetic regulations. Systematic reviews generally indicate that ozonated liquids, including oils, are well-tolerated with few reported adverse effects, such as transient burning or mild desquamation in a small number of users. However, more extensive short- and long-term randomized controlled trials are recommended for broader safety and efficacy validation.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Ozone, specifically in its ozonated oil form, is a valuable ingredient due to its broad antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, making it highly beneficial for compromised and inflammatory skin conditions across all skin types with a low risk of irritation or comedogenicity.
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