Science
Mechanism of Action
This compound is formed through the oxidative degradation of omega-7 unsaturated fatty acids, such as palmitoleic and vaccenic acids, which are present on the skin. Its mechanistic action involves promoting apoptosis (programmed cell death) in keratinocytes, leading to reduced cellular proliferation and a decrease in the overall thickness of skin layers in epidermal models, thereby compromising skin vitality.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 In cultured human keratinocytes, 2-Nonenal at a concentration of 100 µM induced moderate but measurable cellular damage, resulting in approximately 80% viability. This exposure also promoted apoptosis and consequently reduced the number of proliferating cells, leading to a decrease in the thickness of skin layers within a 3D epidermal model.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
NON-2-ENAL is not an ingredient that offers beneficial effects and is therefore not 'dusted' into formulations. Instead, its presence is a concern. A concentration of approximately 0.0014% (equivalent to 100 µM) has been identified as a 'red flag' threshold, where it is shown to induce cellular damage and inhibit skin regeneration, indicating its detrimental impact even at low levels.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
NON-2-ENAL is known for its stability under normal conditions; however, as an unsaturated aldehyde, it is susceptible to oxidation, which can lead to the formation of various byproducts.
Conflicts
- Ingredients that promote oxidation, as this can lead to its degradation and potentially form other undesirable byproducts.
- Strong active ingredients that may amplify irritation, given NON-2-ENAL's inherent irritant properties.
Safety
Safety Profile
NON-2-ENAL is classified as an irritant, carrying GHS Hazard Statements H315 (Causes skin irritation) and H319 (Causes serious eye irritation). There is no specific safety assessment by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) or SCCS for its use in cosmetics. While it was previously referenced for use as a flavoring substance by the FDA, this provision is no longer active. Its known irritant profile strongly suggests it is unsuitable for inclusion in skincare formulations.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Considering its established high irritancy, its ability to induce cellular damage and hinder skin regeneration at very low concentrations, and its role in 'aging odor', NON-2-ENAL is an ingredient that should be actively avoided in precision skincare formulations.
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