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Moumoujus

NITROFURAZONE.

Avoid CAS 59-87-0 / ANTIMICROBIAL

Nitrofurazone is a synthetic nitrofuran compound historically recognized for its broad-spectrum antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was previously utilized topically to treat and prevent bacterial infections associated with wounds, burns, and skin grafts, but is now largely withdrawn from human use due to significant safety concerns.

Summary

Antibacterial

Science

Mechanism of Action

The precise mechanism of Nitrofurazone involves broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, likely by interfering with bacterial carbohydrate metabolism. Upon cellular uptake, bacterial flavoproteins reduce Nitrofurazone into reactive intermediates. These intermediates subsequently damage bacterial DNA, halting replication and leading to bacterial cell death by disrupting vital functions, including enzymes like pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthetase.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range 0.02–0.2%
Optimal

N/A

Key findings

  1. 01 Historically used topically in ointments and creams for the treatment and prevention of surface bacterial infections on wounds, burns, ulcers, and skin grafts.
  2. 02 Historically applied topically as a 1:5000 aqueous solution for localized applications.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Nitrofurazone is a potent pharmaceutical agent with severe safety concerns, including mutagenic and carcinogenic potential, leading to its withdrawal from human use in the U.S. It is not an ingredient considered for cosmetic formulation, thus the concept of 'dusting' does not apply.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Both
Optimal pH 4 – 9
0 7 14

Stability

Nitrofurazone exhibits sensitivity to light, with lower concentrations in solution being particularly vulnerable to gradual darkening upon prolonged exposure. It is also sensitive to heat, though stable in solid form when protected from light and maintained below 40°C. Alkaline solutions can cause discoloration. Formulations should be stored in tight, light-resistant containers, shielded from direct sunlight, strong fluorescent light, excessive heat, and alkaline materials.

Conflicts

  • Oxidizing agents
  • Alkaline materials
  • Organic matter (e.g., blood, pus, serum)
  • Aminobenzoic acid (p-aminobenzoic acid)

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Not reviewed
Sensitization risk High

Nitrofurazone is no longer available for human use in the U.S. due to significant concerns regarding its potential for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, supported by animal studies showing tumor formation. It is classified as a toxic chemical under California's Proposition 65. Topical application can induce local irritation, allergic reactions, and contact dermatitis. It is contraindicated for individuals with chronic kidney disease and large total body surface area burns if polyethylene glycol is present in the preparation, as rapid absorption could lead to dangerous increases in serum osmolality and anion gap, with potentially fatal consequences.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy High
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Due to confirmed mutagenic and carcinogenic potential, its listing as a toxic chemical, and its withdrawal from human use in the U.S., Nitrofurazone is a high-risk ingredient that must be avoided in skincare formulations.

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