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N-METHYL-3-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE.

Avoid CAS 2973-21-9 / HAIR DYEING

N-METHYL-3-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE is a small organic molecule primarily employed as a dye. With its low molecular weight, it possesses the ability to penetrate the stratum corneum, creating a risk for skin sensitization.

Summary

hair dye

Science

Mechanism of Action

This compound functions as a low molecular weight hapten, enabling its penetration through the stratum corneum. Once absorbed, it is understood to bind to skin proteins, thereby forming a complete antigen. This process often involves the oxidation of the compound, potentially yielding reactive quinone diimine intermediates, which subsequently react with proteins. This interaction triggers a delayed-type IV hypersensitivity reaction, leading to the activation of T-lymphocytes and the production of cytokines, ultimately resulting in contact dermatitis.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Low confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

N/A

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Not commonly dusted

Information regarding 'dusting' properties or thresholds for this ingredient is not available in the provided research.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Unknown
Optimal pH N/A
0 7 14

Stability

Phenylenediamine compounds are susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air, which can compromise stability and potentially generate reactive intermediates. They are also combustible, releasing toxic nitrogen fumes upon heating. As weak aromatic bases, they can form salts with acids. Formulators should note potential incompatibility with strong oxidizing agents, isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, and acidic phenols.

Conflicts

  • strong oxidizing agents
  • isocyanates
  • halogenated organics
  • peroxides
  • acidic phenols

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Insufficient data
Sensitization risk High

While specific Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) data for N-METHYL-3-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE is lacking, chemically similar compounds have undergone extensive review. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), a close analog, is a well-documented contact allergen and sensitizer. The CIR Expert Panel found 2-Nitro-p-Phenylenediamine (another related compound) to be a skin sensitizer in guinea pigs with potential for human sensitization. Its safety assessment was re-opened by CIR because it is prohibited for use in cosmetic products within the European Union (listed in Annex II). The FDA mandates caution statements for products containing similar ingredients, specifically warning against their use near the eyes (e.g., for dyeing eyelashes or eyebrows) due to the risk of blindness.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

No Normal
No Dry
No Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Unknown
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Avoid

Due to its high potential for skin sensitization, lack of direct skincare benefits, and regulatory concerns surrounding related compounds, N-METHYL-3-NITRO-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE is not recommended for precision skincare formulations.

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