Science
Mechanism of Action
It exhibits antioxidant and biocidal activity by altering bacterial membranes and inhibiting quorum sensing. The oil also offers anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, potentially promoting cell regeneration and sebum balance.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.125%
Key findings
- 01 Flower extracts show antibacterial efficacy (0.1-2.5%) and antifungal effects (0.05-5.0%).
- 02 Most bacteria/fungi require >2% for inhibition, though *T. violaceum* was inhibited at 0.2%.
- 03 Cell viability was maintained at 0.125%, but cytotoxicity occurred at 0.25% in human skin cells.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
If this ingredient is included for active benefits beyond fragrance, it is often underdosed, as broadly efficacious concentrations for antimicrobial effects frequently exceed the maximum safe concentration of 0.125%.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Sensitive to prolonged thermal stress, light, and oxygen, which can cause oxidation and alter odor. Essential oil components like esters are susceptible to hydrolysis, and some monoterpenes to polymerization at low pH.
Conflicts
- Aqueous systems without proper solubilization
- Exposure to light, oxygen, and high temperatures
- Low pH environments
- Angelica Essential Oil
- Cypress Essential Oil
- Grapefruit Essential Oil
- Lemon Essential Oil
- Peppermint Essential Oil
- Thyme Essential Oil
Safety
Safety Profile
The SCCS has approved this substance with restrictions, but concerns exist regarding potential irritant or allergenic skin reactions, particularly with oxidation. In vitro studies show cytotoxicity to human skin cells at 0.25%, with viability maintained at 0.125%.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
While offering various benefits, its narrow safe concentration window and potential for irritation make its inclusion in precision skincare challenging and often of limited active efficacy.
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