INULA BRITANNICA FLOWER EXTRACT.

Inula Britannica Flower Extract functions as a comprehensive skin protectant through several identified mechanisms. It effectively scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby shielding cellular membranes, especially under UV radiation. Its anti-melanogenic action is achieved by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, which aids in reducing hyperpigmentation and promoting skin brightening. The extract also exhibits significant anti-inflammatory capabilities by suppressing pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), downregulating iNOS and COX-2 transcription, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, potentially via modulation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, it demonstrates antibacterial activity against various skin pathogenic bacteria, with these physiological effects attributed to its rich phytochemical profile, including sesquiterpene lactones, triterpenoids, and flavonoids like quercetin and luteolin.