Science
Mechanism of Action
Hexamidine Diisethionate operates as a cationic compound, selectively interacting with the negatively charged cell membranes of microorganisms. This interaction disrupts the microbial cell wall's structural integrity, increasing permeability and leading to the leakage of vital cellular components, ultimately causing cell death. Beyond its broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive/negative bacteria, fungi (including Malassezia furfur), and yeasts, it also contributes to regulating scalp and skin sebum production and possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.1%
Key findings
- 01 At 0.10%, Hexamidine effectively acts as an antiseptic in topical preparations, eliminating harmful microorganisms on the skin's surface.
- 02 A 4-week clinical study involving 32 volunteers demonstrated that 0.1% Hexamidine in shampoo offered anti-dandruff efficacy comparable to 1% zinc pyrithione.
- 03 Recommended dosages for specific applications include 0.08-0.10% for anti-acne products, 0.10% as a skin antibacterial agent, and 0.02-0.05% for antidandruff and antipruritic benefits.
- 04 Clinical testing on 200 human subjects at 0.10% concentration did not provoke primary irritation, inflammation, or sensitization.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Hexamidine Diisethionate is stable in mildly acidic to neutral pH environments, with optimal stability observed between pH 5.0 and 6.5. Its antimicrobial activity remains effective across a broader range of pH 5 to 9. The ingredient is a water-soluble white to light-yellow crystalline powder. Formulators should note potential inactivation by chloride or sulfate ions and certain proteins, and avoid oxidizing agents.
Conflicts
- Chloride ions
- Sulfate ions
- Some proteins
- Oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel and the SCCNFP deem Hexamidine and Hexamidine Diisethionate safe up to 0.1% in cosmetic products. Concerns regarding 1,4-dioxane as an impurity necessitate stringent purification. While a 200-subject study found no primary irritation or sensitization at 0.10%, case reports of photosensitivity and contact sensitivity have been documented. It is also utilized in over-the-counter (OTC) drug products.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Hexamidine is a valuable ingredient, offering broad-spectrum antimicrobial action, sebum regulation, and anti-inflammatory benefits at a maximum concentration of 0.1%, demonstrating low primary irritancy while requiring careful formulation to avoid incompatibilities.
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References
Sources