Science
Mechanism of Action
The biological activity of Disodium Azelate is primarily attributed to azelaic acid, which is liberated upon dissociation in aqueous environments. It functions as an antibacterial agent, inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (now Cutibacterium acnes), Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis by reducing microbial protein and DNA synthesis. Its anti-inflammatory properties stem from its ability to reduce pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by neutrophils. Additionally, it inhibits tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, thereby helping to reduce pigment spots and treat hyperpigmentation disorders like melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Disodium Azelate also contributes to regulating sebum secretion and preventing pore occlusion from cellular buildup.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence15-25%
Key findings
- 01 Effective and well-tolerated for mild to moderate acne vulgaris and papulopustular rosacea, with efficacy comparable to metronidazole and adapalene.
- 02 Effective and well-tolerated for mild to moderate acne vulgaris and papulopustular rosacea, with efficacy comparable to metronidazole and adapalene.
- 03 Demonstrated efficacy as a safer alternative for treating melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The dermatological benefits of Disodium Azelate are mediated by its active form, azelaic acid, which has shown clinical efficacy in concentrations typically ranging from 15% to 25%. Consequently, its inclusion at significantly lower percentages than these active levels is unlikely to yield the full spectrum of observed benefits.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Disodium Azelate solutions are generally alkaline, with an optimal pH range between 7.0 and 7.5, achieved by neutralizing azelaic acid with sodium hydroxide. It should not be stored alongside strong alkalis. For optimal stability, the container should be kept tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated area, preferably in glass containers.
Conflicts
- strong alkalis
- oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) panel reviewed Disodium Azelate in 2012, classifying it as safe with moderate use restrictions. Specific maximum concentrations for Disodium Azelate in cosmetics are not explicitly stated, though its parent compound, azelaic acid, is a prescription drug in the US at 15-20% concentrations and has non-prescription cosmetic limits of up to 10% in the EU. Canadian cosmetics also restrict its use. The ingredient receives a 'LOW' hazard rating from EWG for concerns including cancer, allergies & immunotoxicity, and developmental & reproductive toxicity.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Disodium Azelate is a valuable multi-functional ingredient, effectively targeting acne, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation through its active azelaic acid component, supported by robust clinical evidence and a favorable safety profile.
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