Science
Mechanism of Action
This compound acts through multiple pathways, notably by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, modulating calcium ion channels, and interacting with muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It exhibits antioxidant properties by neutralizing free radicals and reducing reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it influences cellular processes such as autophagy, attenuates Akt and mTOR phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. The relevance and safety of these mechanisms for topical skin application are unestablished.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Reduced cell viability of gastric cancer cells (MGC-803 and MKN28) to 10-20% within 72 hours. Note: This study was not conducted on skin cells.
- 02 Inhibited action potential firing in Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. Note: This study was not conducted on skin cells.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Cyclovirobuxine is classified as acutely toxic if swallowed and explicitly designated for research purposes only, not for personal use. Its severe safety profile precludes any consideration for 'dusting' or intentional inclusion in cosmetic formulations, even at minimal percentages.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Cyclovirobuxine D is poorly water-soluble but dissolves effectively in organic solvents like chloroform, methanol, and ethanol. Stock solutions stored in solvent are reported stable for up to 2 years at -80°C and 1 year at -20°C. Formulated solutions, especially those prepared with co-solvents such as PEG300, Tween-80, or corn oil alongside ethanol, are best utilized immediately. Precipitation during preparation can often be mitigated by heating and/or sonication. Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce its solubility.
Safety
Safety Profile
Cyclovirobuxine D is classified by GHS/ECHA as Acute Tox. 3 Oral, indicating it is toxic if swallowed, with a 'Danger' signal word. It also carries a Water Hazard Class (WGK) of 3, signifying high hazard to water. Research suggests significant challenges regarding its toxicity, bioavailability, and long-term safety, including reported side effects such as hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiovascular risks. It is strictly designated 'For Research Purposes only. Not for Personal or Veterinary use.'
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Due to its classification as acutely toxic if swallowed and explicit designation for research purposes only, Cyclovirobuxine is an unsafe and inappropriate ingredient for any skincare formulation.
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References
Sources