Science
Mechanism of Action
They operate via host-guest complexation, utilizing a hydrophobic internal cavity to encapsulate guest molecules and carbonyl-fringed portals to bind cationic compounds. This interaction enhances the solubility of poorly soluble actives, shifts pKa values to maintain molecular stability across varying pH levels, and provides a thermal buffer to prolong the shelf-life and efficacy of volatile ingredients.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Due to their specialized role as a delivery vehicle and stabilization agent rather than a standalone active, they are rarely used in marketing-driven 'dusting' and are instead utilized for functional formulation integrity.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly stable across a broad pH range; they are particularly effective at stabilizing basic compounds at physiological pH (approx. 7.2) by increasing the pKa of the guest molecule's conjugate acid.
Synergies
- Hydrophobic active ingredients
- Cationic compounds
- Unstable antioxidants
Safety
Safety Profile
Generally non-hemolytic; however, specific variants like CB[x] have shown potential cytotoxicity/apoptosis in keratinocytes at concentrations of 3.75 mg/mL, while others remain safe up to 30 mg/mL.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An advanced formulation tool for maximizing the stability and penetration of complex active ingredients, though clinical data on direct skin benefits remains limited.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources