Science
Mechanism of Action
This extract operates through a multi-pathway approach to skin aging and repair. It inhibits the UVA-induced expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), the enzyme responsible for collagen degradation, thereby maintaining skin elasticity. Simultaneously, it suppresses inflammatory mediators including COX-2, iNOS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), while its flavonoid content provides significant radical scavenging capabilities to prevent cellular damage.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.1%
Key findings
- 01 In vitro studies demonstrate that concentrations as low as 0.05% significantly enhance cell viability and mineralization in human stem cells.
- 02 Research confirms potent antioxidant capacity with an IC50 of 33.53 µg/mL for the leaf-derived butanolic fraction.
- 03 Proven inhibition of UVA-induced collagenase (MMP-1) and reduction of inflammatory nitric oxide production in fibroblast and macrophage models.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because botanical extracts are often used at very low levels (0.001–0.01%) for marketing claims, any concentration below 0.05% is considered 'label dusting,' as research indicates biological activity begins at the 0.05% threshold.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
The extract exhibits high stability in acidic environments; studies show peak antioxidant capacity and stability at a pH of approximately 4.5.
Synergies
- Vitamin C
- Broad-spectrum Sunscreens
- Hyaluronic Acid
Safety
Safety Profile
While not yet formally reviewed by the CIR, Cirsium species have a long history of therapeutic use with no recorded systemic toxicity in topical cosmetic applications.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An excellent botanical for preventing photo-aging and chronic inflammation, provided it is formulated at a pH-stable range and efficacious concentration.
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References
Sources