Science
Mechanism of Action
This oil functions as a robust antioxidant by efficiently scavenging harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutralizing free radicals, thereby protecting skin cells from damage induced by UV radiation, pollution, and premature aging. It exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, mitigating UV-induced inflammation and reducing skin sensitivity through the suppression of key inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), via the modulation of MAPKs and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, its antibacterial and antiviral actions help fortify the skin's defenses and combat various skin inflammations, including acne. The oil also supports skin moisturization, toning, regeneration, and helps maintain elasticity.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Chrysanthemum indicum L. demonstrated antioxidant potential with an IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 2.21 mg/mL in an aqueous extract.
- 02 An aqueous extract inhibited the growth of several pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Shigella flexneri at concentrations between 0.025% and 0.1% for 10 cells/mL.
- 03 An ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus (64.9 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (16.17 mg/mL), and Bacillus subtilis (258.75 mg/mL).
- 04 In an Atopic Dermatitis (AD) model utilizing HaCaT cells, Chrysanthemum indicum L. at 50 µg/mL was effective in reducing the expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
When Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract prepared with 1,3-butylene glycol exceeds a concentration of 30%, it has been observed to form a precipitate.
Safety
Safety Profile
A safety evaluation for Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower oil indicated no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity in acute oral toxicity tests at 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day. It also showed no significant differences in micronucleated erythrocyte cell counts and no induced mutagenicity in bacterial reverse mutation tests at concentrations ranging from 15.63 to 500 µg/mL. The ingredient has a long history of use in traditional East Asian medicine. However, specific human sensitization or irritancy data remains unknown according to current reviews.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Chrysanthemum Indicum Flower/Leaf/Stem Oil is a valuable botanical ingredient, offering significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties suitable for enhancing skin health across various skin types.
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