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Moumoujus

CHLORPHENESIN.

Valuable CAS 104-29-0 / ANTIMICROBIAL, PRESERVATIVE

Chlorphenesin is a synthetic biocide extensively used as a preservative in skincare formulations. Its primary function is to prevent microbial contamination, safeguarding product integrity and extending shelf life by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. It additionally preserves formulation aesthetics, preventing undesirable changes in color, pH, and odor.

Summary

antimicrobial preservative

Science

Mechanism of Action

Chlorphenesin functions as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, interfering with microbial cell processes to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. This action effectively prevents spoilage and contamination, thereby maintaining the stability, safety, and sensory qualities of cosmetic products over time. It is often co-formulated with other preservatives to enhance its overall efficacy.

Research

Clinical Evidence

Medium confidence
Effective range N/A
Optimal

0.3%

Key findings

  1. 01 A 48-hour occlusive patch test on 25 subjects showed negligible dermal irritation in only 3 individuals when Chlorphenesin was applied at a 0.3% concentration.
  2. 02 In a Human Repeated Insult Patch Test (HRIPT) involving 55 subjects, concentrations ranging from 5-9% did not induce skin irritation or allergic contact sensitization.
  3. 03 An HRIPT on 53 subjects using concentrations between 12-17% resulted in clinically insignificant erythema in only one participant, with no observed skin sensitization.
  4. 04 Conversely, a 4-day patch test in petrolatum at 0.5% concentration caused positive irritant patch readings in 8 out of 30 normal subjects, indicating potential irritation at this level.
  5. 05 Research suggests that maintaining concentrations below 0.5% is optimal for minimizing the risk of skin reactions.

Transparency

Dusting Analysis

Commonly dusted
Min. effective
0.5%
Red flag below
0.3%

Exceeding the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) recommended maximum concentration of 0.3% significantly increases the risk of skin reactions. Studies indicate that concentrations at 0.5% can cause positive irritant patch readings, particularly in sensitive individuals. Therefore, strict adherence to the 0.3% limit is crucial to avoid potential dermal irritation and sensitization.

The Formula

Formulation

Solubility
Both
Optimal pH 4 – 6
0 7 14

Stability

Chlorphenesin exhibits high stability under typical conditions, remaining unaffected by dilute acids, alkalies, and light. It is non-volatile in steam and stable up to 45°C for at least three months. For optimal incorporation into formulations, it is best dispersed in water heated above 50°C or pre-dissolved in glycerin or propylene glycol.

Synergies

  • Other Preservatives (enhances efficacy)

Conflicts

  • Polysorbates
  • Parabens (increased sensory irritation)
  • Phenoxyethanol (increased sensory irritation)

Safety

Safety Profile

CIR Status
Safe as used
Max tested
0.3%
Pregnancy
Caution
Sensitization risk Moderate

The CIR Expert Panel concluded Chlorphenesin is safe for use in cosmetics up to 0.3% in both rinse-off and leave-on products. However, individuals with sensitive or dry skin may experience irritation or allergic reactions, necessitating a patch test prior to full application. The FDA advises against using products containing Chlorphenesin on lactating women's breasts due to potential ingestion risks for infants. Furthermore, its co-formulation with parabens and phenoxyethanol has been linked to increased sensory irritation.

Your Skin

Skin Compatibility

Yes Normal
No Dry
Yes Oily
No Sensitive
Irritancy Moderate
Comedogenicity Unknown

Our Assessment

Verdict

Valuable

Chlorphenesin is a valuable synthetic preservative, crucial for ensuring product stability and safety against microbial contamination when utilized strictly within the recommended maximum concentration of 0.3%.

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