Science
Mechanism of Action
The extract operates via a dual-action pathway: its high concentration of polyphenols and tannins disrupts microbial cell membranes to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth, while its antioxidant molecules neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) through hydrogen atom transfer. Furthermore, its astringent properties induce mild cross-linking of surface proteins, which helps to temporarily smooth the skin's micro-relief and calm minor inflammatory responses.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 Supplier Preservative Efficacy Testing (PET) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive/negative bacteria, yeast, and mold at concentrations between 0.5-2%.
- 02 Phytochemical analysis confirmed significant free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity in-vitro at a 1.0% concentration due to high polyphenol density.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Because it is often marketed as a 'natural preservative booster,' many formulations include it at trace levels (<0.1%) for label claims. However, clinical antimicrobial and antioxidant activity require a minimum threshold of 0.5%.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits robust thermal stability and remains effective across a wide pH gradient. It is typically processed as an aqueous extract.
Synergies
- Chelating agents
- Organic acids
- Complementary antioxidants like Vitamin E
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Formulations with high protein concentrations (may cause tannin-induced precipitation)
Safety
Safety Profile
Recognized as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) by the FDA for food use. While not yet formally reviewed by the CIR for topical application, it is widely accepted in clean beauty standards with no known systemic toxicity.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An excellent multi-tasking botanical that serves as a clean-label preservative alternative while providing measurable antioxidant and skin-refining benefits.
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References
Sources