Science
Mechanism of Action
Carbomer operates as a rheology modifier; upon pH adjustment (neutralization), its tightly coiled polymer chains expand into a three-dimensional lattice. This structural network traps water molecules to increase viscosity and suspends oil droplets in water, while forming a non-occlusive protective barrier on the skin's surface.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 Clinical trials at 1.0% concentration confirmed a very low potential for skin irritation or sensitization in human subjects.
- 02 Phototoxicity assessments at 0.25% demonstrated no significant photo-contact allergenicity or adverse light-reactive potential.
- 03 Safety evaluations across a range of concentrations (up to 100% in animal models) consistently indicate a high threshold for dermal tolerance.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Carbomer is a functional additive rather than a primary active; its presence at low percentages (often <0.5%) is technically required for structural integrity and is not considered 'dusting' as long as the desired gel viscosity is achieved.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Requires the addition of a neutralizing base to uncoil the polymer and reach peak viscosity, typically between pH 6.0 and 11.0. Formulation integrity can be compromised by UV light exposure or high salt concentrations.
Synergies
- Glycerin
- Sodium Hyaluronate
- Neutralizing agents (Sodium Hydroxide)
Conflicts
- Strong electrolytes (salts)
- Cationic surfactants
- Resorcinol
- High UV exposure
- Highly acidic environments (pH < 3.0)
Safety
Safety Profile
Modern skincare standards prioritize benzene-free carbomer grades (avoiding older versions like Carbomer 940) to eliminate any risk of carcinogenic impurities, per 2024 FDA guidance.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An essential architectural component for creating sophisticated, non-greasy textures with an impeccable safety profile for all skin types.
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References
Sources