Science
Mechanism of Action
Acts primarily as a physical abrasive to mechanically lift and remove desquamated corneocytes. Its secondary mechanism involves the release of phenolic compounds (6.47%) and flavonoids (1.70%) which neutralize free radicals, alongside calophyllolide which exerts mild antimicrobial pressure on surface pathogens.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence10%
Key findings
- 01 DPPH assays demonstrate a 39.82% radical scavenging activity, significantly outperforming pure oil extractions in antioxidant potential.
- 02 Concentrations between 5-20% show potent antimicrobial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, supporting its use in cleansing formulations.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
As a physical abrasive, this ingredient is typically used at functional concentrations (>2%) to ensure tactile efficacy. It is rarely 'dusted' because its primary value is textural, though its antioxidant benefits persist at lower levels.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly stable in anhydrous environments; in aqueous systems, it must be used as a suspension. It maintains structural integrity best at a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (approx. 7.6).
Synergies
- Humectants
- Surfactant-based cleansers
- Non-comedogenic carrier oils
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Highly acidic environments (pH <4.0)
Safety
Safety Profile
Approved for use in the EU CosIng database. Human patch testing indicates no signs of erythema or allergic sensitization.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A high-performance, sustainable alternative to synthetic exfoliants that provides verified antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits during the resurfacing process.
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References
Sources