Science
Mechanism of Action
Primarily stimulates DNA repair pathways, specifically enhancing base excision repair to address UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Additionally inhibits NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling and scavenges hydroxyl radicals to reduce lipid peroxidation damage.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence0.5%
Key findings
- 01 Beach exposure study showed significant reduction in erythema and blistering when 0.5% was combined with SPF-15 versus SPF alone
- 02 Human skin equivalent models demonstrated enhanced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair at 0.5% concentration
- 03 Hairless mouse studies revealed reduced tumor progression and actinic keratoses formation at 0.5-3.0% concentrations
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Manufacturer recommends minimum 0.6% for efficacy, making concentrations below this threshold potentially ineffective dusting
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Demonstrates excellent stability across broad pH range. Often supplied as maltodextrin-stabilized powder under AC-11 trade name. Compatible with standard cosmetic bases and performs well in oil-in-water emulsions.
Synergies
- sunscreen actives
- antioxidants
- other DNA repair agents
Safety
Safety Profile
TGA-recognized as safe cosmetic ingredient for skin conditioning. Used in premium formulations by major brands including Estée Lauder and Clinique.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Well-researched DNA repair ingredient with solid clinical backing for UV damage recovery, though premium pricing limits widespread adoption.
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References
Sources
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