Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as an organic UV filter utilizing keto-enol tautomerism to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation across the complete UVA spectrum. Upon UV exposure, the molecule transitions from its stable ground state to an excited state, then rapidly dissipates absorbed energy as harmless heat while returning to its original form, effectively preventing DNA damage and reactive oxygen species formation.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence3%
Key findings
- 01 Systemic absorption study at 3% concentration showed plasma levels reaching 11.3 µg/L under standard application (Matta et al., JAMA 2019/2020)
- 02 Dermal application study at 2.3% demonstrated systemic half-life of 33-112 hours in 20 volunteers (Hiller et al., 2019)
- 03 Photostability research at 5% revealed 36% UV-absorption capacity loss after one hour without stabilizers (Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2001)
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
As a regulated UV filter with specific maximum concentrations, this ingredient is not typically subject to dusting practices
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits significant photolability requiring photostabilizer partnerships. Maintains stability in acidic to neutral pH environments but undergoes hydroxide-catalyzed degradation above pH 7.4.
Synergies
- Octocrylene
- Tinosorb S
- Mexoryl SX
Conflicts
- Titanium Dioxide (uncoated)
- Zinc Oxide (regional restrictions)
- Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate
- Formaldehyde donors
- Metal ions (Fe3+, Cu2+)
Safety
Safety Profile
FDA permits maximum 3% concentration in USA; EU, Canada, and Australia allow up to 5%. SCCNFP/SCCS evaluation confirmed absence of estrogenic effects. Demonstrates systemic absorption but within established safety parameters.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Indispensable broad-spectrum UVA filter requiring careful formulation with photostabilizers for optimal performance.
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References
Sources