Science
Mechanism of Action
Undergoes polymerization to create high-molecular-weight polymers that form cohesive, flexible films on the skin surface, improving product adhesion and longevity while providing viscosity control in formulations
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence10%
Key findings
- 01 Human patch testing at 0.1-0.5% showed sensitization in 6/124 subjects (Kanerva et al., 1995)
- 02 LLNA studies at 20-30% demonstrated skin sensitization potential in mice (NTP Imm95005)
- 03 CIR safety assessment confirmed safe use up to 10% in crosspolymer form
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Often included at low concentrations primarily for marketing appeal rather than functional benefit, particularly in products where film-forming properties aren't the primary goal
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Monomer has limited water solubility (0.14%) but miscible in organic solvents; resulting polymers are salt-sensitive and perform optimally in slightly alkaline conditions while remaining chemically stable from pH 2.0-11.0
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Strong acids
- Strong bases
- Free radical generators
- Peroxides
Safety
Safety Profile
CIR restricts residual monomer levels to <100 ppm total in finished products; 25% limit for leave-on products, up to 98.6% permitted in nail products
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A functional ingredient for specific applications requiring film-forming properties, but with moderate sensitization concerns that limit its universal appeal.
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References
Sources