Science
Mechanism of Action
Targets inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8, IL-17A, and IL-23 expression. The residual terpene content (primarily limonene and alpha-terpineol) disrupts microbial cell membranes for antimicrobial action, while providing antioxidant protection against free radical damage and lipid peroxidation in skin cells.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence3%
Key findings
- 01 Demonstrated 25% reduction in skin thickness in mouse ear edema model with significant suppression of inflammatory cytokines
- 02 Showed non-irritating profile in human skin testing with biocompatible pH and antifungal efficacy against Candida species
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
As a specialty botanical water, this ingredient is typically used at meaningful concentrations rather than as a marketing addition due to its functional hydrosol properties.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Demonstrates excellent stability in aqueous systems; requires cool, dark storage to prevent oxidation of volatile terpene components
Synergies
- hydrating ingredients
- other botanical waters
- gentle preservatives
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- High heat during formulation
Safety
Safety Profile
Recognized as GRAS under FDA 21 CFR 172.510 for flavoring use. Potential sensitization exists due to natural limonene and linalool content, though risk remains minimal at typical usage levels.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-tolerated botanical water with demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and universal skin compatibility, offering both functional and sensory benefits in formulations.
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