Science
Mechanism of Action
Disrupts microbial cell membranes and inhibits essential enzyme activity, preventing bacterial multiplication and surface aggregation while controlling odor-causing microorganisms
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.1%
Key findings
- 01 Clinical evaluation at 0.1% demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sanguis, and C. albicans in dental formulations
- 02 Pharmacokinetic studies at 1.0% showed formulation-dependent dermal absorption: 12.20% bioavailability in gels versus 4.65% in creams
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
Regulated preservative with clear maximum concentration limits; not typically subject to marketing dusting practices
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Highly lipophilic (LogP ~6.12) with water solubility <0.01 g/L; remains stable in emulsions but efficacy decreases above pH 7.56 due to ionization
Synergies
- Fluoride compounds for enhanced antimicrobial activity
Conflicts
- Non-ionic surfactants (particularly Polysorbate 80)
- Lecithin
- Strongly alkaline formulations
Safety
Safety Profile
EU Annex V and South Korean regulations permit up to 0.1% in finished products; FDA restricts systemic exposure due to potential androgen receptor antagonism observed in vitro
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Effective antimicrobial preservative with regulatory approval, but limited to non-sensitive skin types and specific formulation requirements.
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References
Sources