Science
Mechanism of Action
As a member of the isothiazolinone family, it functions as a thiol-reactant. It penetrates the cell membranes of microbes and reacts with the essential sulfhydryl groups of enzymes, specifically targeting those in the Krebs cycle. This interaction halts cellular respiration and protein synthesis, resulting in the rapid death of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence0.01%
Key findings
- 01 Dermatological screening (IVDK 2000-2019) indicated a 2.47% positive reaction rate among dermatitis patients, confirming its status as a notable allergen.
- 02 SCCS evaluations determined that even trace amounts as low as 20 ppm (0.002%) in consumer products like PVC gloves can trigger sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
This ingredient is rarely 'dusted' because it is not an active; rather, it is a preservative. However, because it lacks a clearly defined safe threshold for sensitization in leave-on cosmetics, any concentration exceeding 0.01% in skincare is a potential concern for skin health.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Exhibits exceptional thermal stability up to 100°C and maintains structural integrity in highly alkaline environments where other preservatives might fail.
Conflicts
- Strong oxidizing agents
- Nucleophiles
- Reducing agents like sulfites and bisulfites
- Persalts
Safety
Safety Profile
The EU's SCCS concluded that a safe exposure level for skin sensitization has not been established for cosmetics. It is more prevalent in rinse-off household products than in precision skincare.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
While a powerful antimicrobial, its high risk of sensitization and lack of a proven safe threshold make it unsuitable for modern, precision-targeted skincare.
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