Science
Mechanism of Action
As a positively charged (cationic) molecule, it binds to the negatively charged carboxyl groups found in hair and skin proteins. It remains on the surface rather than entering the cortex, though in cellular environments, it has been observed to trigger oxidative stress and influence cell cycle regulation.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Medium confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 Established as the maximum safe threshold for non-oxidative applications by the SCCS.
- 02 Identified as a cytotoxic threshold in human keratinocytes, potentially inducing DNA damage.
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
In color-depositing products, concentrations below 0.1% typically fail to provide visible aesthetic results, making lower amounts purely 'label dressing'.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Maintains peak stability between pH 4.0 and 7.0; however, it is prone to degradation under intense UV light or temperatures exceeding 200°C.
Synergies
- Non-ionic surfactants
- Cationic conditioning agents
Conflicts
- Anionic surfactants
- Strong electrolytes
- Strong oxidizing agents
Safety
Safety Profile
While safe for topical rinse-off use, in-vitro data suggests potential genotoxic risks if absorbed, leading to strict regulatory limits in the EU.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
An effective temporary colorant with a narrow safety margin and specific formulation requirements that limit its use to rinse-off hair care.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources