Science
Mechanism of Action
The extract's biological activities, including antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, are attributed to its rich composition of alkaloids, phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, lectins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, stigmasterols, coumarins, and tannins. Traditionally, it was also recognized for its pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory actions.
Research
Clinical Evidence
Low confidenceN/A
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
The Formula
Formulation
Safety
Safety Profile
The raw plant root contains oxalic acid and calcium oxalate crystals (raphides), which are potent irritants. These can cause severe irritation to mucous membranes and skin. The root is distinctly classified as an acrid irritant herb, necessitating rigorous preparation in traditional uses to mitigate its toxic and irritating properties.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
Despite possessing potential beneficial activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the severe inherent irritation and toxicity concerns, coupled with a 'not reviewed' CIR status and lack of modern clinical safety data for cosmetic use, make this ingredient unsuitable for precision skincare formulations.
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References
Sources