Science
Mechanism of Action
Its primary action stems from bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme that gently exfoliates by digesting dead skin cells and reducing inflammation. It also delivers antioxidant protection from Vitamin C and phenolics, alongside hydration from fruit sugars.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidence1%
Key findings
- 01 SpecialChem Cosmetic Ingredients Database (antioxidant, anti-aging, conditioning benefits at 0.5% - 5%)
- 02 Pharmacy Education / NIH (2021/2022) (radical scavenging and anti-acne activity at 300 - 1500 ppm)
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
No data indicates common dusting practices or concerns for this ingredient.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Most stable in low pH environments (below 4.5). Bromelain and Vitamin C activity are sensitive to heat, requiring cold-processing or reverse osmosis to preserve potency.
Conflicts
- High heat (degrades bromelain and Vitamin C)
- Strongly alkaline environments
- Protease inhibitors
Safety
Safety Profile
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS); safe in cosmetics when non-irritating, with concentrations above 5.0% potentially causing mild irritation.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A valuable multi-functional ingredient, providing gentle exfoliation, antioxidant protection, and hydration for various skin types.
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References
Sources