Science
Mechanism of Action
Functions as an anionic surfactant with amphiphilic molecules that reduce water surface tension, allowing the hydrophobic tail to bind with lipophilic debris like sebum while the hydrophilic sulfate head enables water solubilization for effective rinsing.
Research
Clinical Evidence
High confidenceN/A
Key findings
- 01 Patch testing revealed concentration-dependent irritation with levels above 2% causing consistent irritation under 24-hour exposure, while sub-1% concentrations proved essentially non-irritating
- 02 Consumer tolerance study of high-concentration shampoos showed remarkably low complaint rates of 6 per 6.8 million units, demonstrating excellent tolerance in rinse-off applications
Transparency
Dusting Analysis
As a primary surfactant requiring substantial concentrations for efficacy, this ingredient is not typically subject to dusting practices in cleansing formulations.
The Formula
Formulation
Stability
Maintains excellent stability in acidic to neutral environments and cold water conditions, with superior performance in hard water compared to other sulfates. Becomes unstable above pH 9.0, releasing ammonia gas.
Conflicts
- Cationic surfactants
- Cationic polymers at high ratios
- Strongly alkaline ingredients above pH 9
Safety
Safety Profile
Safe for rinse-off applications with brief contact. Leave-on formulations should not exceed 1% concentration to minimize irritation potential.
Your Skin
Skin Compatibility
Our Assessment
Verdict
A well-tolerated primary surfactant that balances effective cleansing with reduced irritation potential compared to harsher alternatives, making it valuable for mainstream cleansing formulations.
Related
Similar Ingredients
Finding similar ingredients…
References
Sources